Truffle protein and its derived peptides exhibit sleep-promoting effects via regulation of lysosomal autophagy, neurological activity, tyrosine metabolism, and fatty acid elongation

Black truffle (Tuber sinense) is a famous luxurious mushroom with abundant protein resources. Nevertheless, until now, no single study has explored the potential function of black truffle protein in any animal models. Thus, this study investigated the sleep-promoting effects of truffle albumin (TA) and its hydrolysate (TAH). Then, two novel sleep-enhancing peptides were explored from TAH. Our results showed that TA and TAH significantly prolonged the total sleep time and improved sleep quality of insomnia Drosophila. Additionally, two novel peptides YLDLAPL and YLRPEGDW with strong sleep-enhancing activity were explored by virtual screening and Drosophila with transgenic RNA interference (RNAi) technology. Finally, the transcriptomics analysis investigated potential mechanisms of sleep-enhancing effects in Drosophila: (1) regulation of the autophagic activity by altering the lysosomal protein; (2) up-regulation the genes in the pathway of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and promotion the function of neurons; (3) promotion the conversion of tyrosine into neurotransmitters; (4) regulation substrate feeding into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and promotion free radical scavenging in neuronal cells; (5) promotion the fatty acid elongation and preservation neuronal cells avoid from oxidation.