Use of heme spin-labeling to probe heme environments of alpha and beta chains of hemoglobin.

A spin label attached to a propionic acid group of the heme has been used to probe the heme environment of the alpha and beta chains of hemoglobin in both the subunit and tetrameric forms. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of hemoglobin hybrids in which the spin label is attached to either the alpha- or beta-heme (alpha2SLbeta 2 or alpha2beta2SL) and spin-labeled isolated chains (alphaSL and betaSL) show that: 1) alpha- and beta-hemes have different environments in the tetrameric forms of oxy-, deoxy-, and methemoglobins as well as in isolated single chains; 2) when isolated subunits associate to form hemoglobin tetramers, the environment of the alpha-heme changes more drastically than that of the beta-heme; 3) upon deoxygenation of hemoglobin, the structure in the vicinity of the alpha-heme changes more drastically than that of the beta-heme; and 4) upon the addition of organic phosphates to methemoglobin, the change in the spin state of the heme irons mainly arises from beta-heme. The results demonstrate conclusively that the alpha and the beta subunits of hemoglobin are structurally nonequivalent as are their structural changes as the result of ligation. The relationship of EPR spectrum and structure of hemoglobin is discussed.