Optically stimulated luminescence detectors for LET determination and dosimetry in ion beam therapy

Optically stimulated luminescence detectors (OSLDs) have been utilized for various dosimetry applications for many years. The use of Al₂O₃:C OSLDs for proton dosimetry began over a decade ago, taking advantage of the correlation between the ionization density of the radiation field and the ratio of intensities of the material's two emission bands. The correlation allows for determining both linear energy transfer (LET) and dose in proton beams, with corrections for ionization quenching derived from the LET. However, the previous methodology for proton dosimetry and simultaneous LET determination with Al₂O₃:C OSLDs was cumbersome and occasionally associated with large uncertainties, while carbon beam dosimetry posed further challenges due to an elevated LET. This paper reviews the recent advancements in ion beam dosimetry and LET determination using OSLDs. Employing Al₂O₃:C,Mg OSLDs alongside improved, automatized read-out techniques, and the use of other radiation quality metrics than averaged LET, has removed most of the previous obstacles for ion beam dosimetry with OSLDs. The feasibility of simultaneous LET determination and dosimetry in ion beams is demonstrated through two case studies involving realistic proton and carbon ion therapy scenarios.