Selective lithium extraction from spent LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 batteries by co-pyrolysis with waste polyvinyl chloride plastics

. The formation of LiF was the main reason for the loss of lithium. Overall, it is a win-win strategy that waste polyvinyl chloride plastics are used for the Li extraction of the spent lithium-ion batteries, as it not only recovers the strategic metals but also controls the pollution of solid wastes.