Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of melittin peptide on the ulcerative colitis mouse model

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is considered one of the most prevalent inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). However, due to the lack of satisfying efficacy of conventional therapies and their side effects, there is still a need for more efficient therapeutic agents. Melittin is a small peptide derived from bee venom, which shows potent anti-inflammatory activity. The present investigation aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of melittin peptide alone and in co-therapy with sulfasalazine as a standard therapy on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis models.We used DSS to induce UC in C57BL/6 male mice. We investigated the effect of melittin peptide alone and in combination with sulfasalazine on improving the clinical symptoms among DSS-induced colitis models. Finally, we employed histological investigation to show the therapeutic effect of melittin on attenuating the pathological damage of colon tissue caused due to DSS-induced inflammation in colitis models.Our findings demonstrated that melittin peptide alone and in combination with sulfasalazine dramatically cured the clinical UC. Moreover, we observed that this peptide almost eliminated the histological damage of colon tissue in colitis, while significantly reducing the inflammation in colon tissue. Meanwhile, our results demonstrated that this peptide had an antioxidant effect through the disruption of the oxidant/antioxidant balance.All these findings suggest that melittin peptide has an anti-inflammatory effect and can probably be considered a novel therapeutic agent for UC. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that this peptide can enhance the therapeutic effects of conventional therapy while attenuating the adverse effects of conventional agents.