Analysis of the effect of CYP2C19 gene properties on the anti-platelet aggregation of clopidogrel after carotid artery stenting under network pharmacology

Abstract Antiplatelet therapy is an important factor influencing the postterm patency rate of carotid artery stenting (CAS). Clopidogrel is a platelet aggregation inhibitor mediated by the adenosine diphosphate receptor and is affected by CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms in vivo. When the CYP2C19 gene has a nonfunctional mutation, the activity of the encoded enzyme will be weakened or lost, which directly affects the metabolism of clopidogrel and ultimately weakens its antiplatelet aggregation ability. Therefore, based on network pharmacology, analyzing the influence of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms on the antiplatelet therapeutic effect of clopidogrel after CAS is highly important for the formulation of individualized clinical drug regimens. The effect of the CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on the antiplatelet aggregation of clopidogrel after CAS was analyzed based on network pharmacology. A total of 100 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease who were confirmed by the neurology department and required CAS treatment were studied. CYP2C19 genotyping was performed on all patients via a gene chip. All patients were classified into the wild-type (WT) group (*1/*1), heterozygous mutation (HTM) group (CYP2C19*1/*2, CYP2C19*1/*3), and homozygous mutation (HMM) group (CYP2C19*2/*2, CYP2C19*2/*3, and CYP2C19*3/*3). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to detect the blood concentration of clopidogrel and the plasma clopidogrel clearance (CL) rate in different groups of patients before and after clopidogrel treatment. The platelet aggregation rate of patients with different genotypes was measured by turbidimetry. The incidences of clopidogrel resistance (CR) and stent thrombosis in different groups after three months of treatment were analyzed. The results showed that among the different CYP2C19 genotypes, patients from the HTM group accounted for the most patients, while patients from the HTM group accounted for the least patients. Similarly, the clopidogrel CL of patients in the HMM group was lower than that of patients in the WT group and HTM group ( P < 0.01). The platelet inhibition rate of patients in the HMM group was evidently inferior to that of patients in the WT group and HTM group ( P < 0.01). The incidence of CR and stent thrombosis in the WT group was notably lower than that in the HTM and HMM groups ( P < 0.01). These results indicate that the CYP2C19 gene can affect CR occurrence and stent thrombosis after CAS by influencing clopidogrel metabolism and platelet count.