Bilateral maxillary and mandibular involvement of Langerhans cell histiocytosis: A rare case report

Abstract: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an uncommon disease characterized by the clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells, which are specialized dendritic cells that play a role in the body’s immune response. The hallmark of LCH is an aberrant proliferation of Langerhans cells, which can affect almost every part of the body. Oral symptoms may be the earliest indicator of the disease, and when it comes to adult patients, its location in the periodontal tissues can be readily confused with that of other, more prevalent conditions such as necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis. It can present itself as unifocal or multifocal with local and systemic manifestations, which involve various internal organs and mucosal tissues. The clinical course varies among individuals, ranging from spontaneous resolution to life-threatening conditions with multisystem involvement. The need to take LCH into account when making differential diagnoses of atypical periodontal disease is highlighted by our report of a rare instance of bilateral maxillary and mandibular involvement in an adult patient with LCH who first presented with periodontal symptoms.