Anti‐cancer therapy with TNFα and IFNγ: A comprehensive review

Abstract Tumour necrosis factor alpha ( TNF α) and interferon gamma ( IFN γ) were originally found to be produced by inflammatory cells and play important roles in the immune system and surveillance of tumour growth. By activating distinct signalling pathways of nuclear factor‐κB ( NF ‐κB), mitogen‐activated protein kinase ( MAPK ), and JAK / STAT , TNF α and IFN γ were reported to effectively trigger cell death and perform powerful anti‐cancer effects. In this review, we will discuss the new advancements of TNF α and IFN γ in anti‐cancer therapy.