A review on carbonaceous materials for fuel cell technologies: An advanced approach

Abstract In the context of sustainable development environment‐friendly approaches, technologies have gained momentum with dual objective of achieving technological advancements and innovations through green energy source. One such approach is fuel cells which have been identified as a potential source for the production of electric power from chemical fuels. Fuel cell has become popular as they represent environmentally friendly method to generate power. The trucking industry and fleet transit networks have shown the potential of the hydrogen fuel cell despite many obstacles, such as material composition, storage, and distribution, because it can be used and moved securely, leading to a significant reduction in CO 2 and particulate pollution. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are the subject of intense research in environmental friendly power transformation and storing tools as a consequence of environmental friendliness, minimal emissions, and great effectiveness. Fuel cell transportation is successful with oxygen reduction process (ORR). Graphite, a highly organized type of carbon, serves as the standard due to its durability and accessibility. This article focuses on the evolution of electrodes as well as electrolytic materials or fluid materials for various kinds of fuel cells and also explains the uses, difficulties, advancements, etc. pertaining to electrodes and fluids of diverse types of fuel cells.