Comprehensive advances in CsPbBr 3 perovskite quantum dots for ultrasensitive fluorescent nanosensors in food safety monitoring

PQDs in the fluorescence-based detection of foodborne pathogens and non-pesticide contaminants. Unlike prior reviews on general perovskite QDs or broader nanosensors, it provides a structured framework emphasizing synthesis strategies, detection mechanisms in real food matrices, comparative performance with other nanomaterials, toxicity mitigation, and prospects for IoT-integrated, regulatory-compliant, field-deployable sensing technologies. The review addresses toxicity and instability challenges through lead-free alternatives and Internet of Things (IoT)-integrated platforms, paving the way for scalable, real-time food safety diagnostics.