Debittering of salmon (Salmo salar) frame protein hydrolysate using 2-butanol in combination with β-cyclodextrin: Impact on some physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities

Impacts of 2-butanol and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at various ratios and treatment times on bitterness, physicochemical and functional properties of Alcalase salmon frame protein hydrolysate (ASF) were investigated. ASF treated with 2-butanol at a ratio of 1:4 (w/v) for 20 min (ASFB) or with β-CD at a ratio of 1:1 (w/w) for 30 min (ASF-C-1) had lower bitterness score than ASF (p < 0.05). Bitterness score of ASF (8.45) was reduced to the lowest score (1.32) when ASFB was subsequently treated with β-CD at a 1:1 ratio (w/w) for 30 min (ASFB-C-1). Surface hydrophobicity of all debittered samples was lower than that of ASF sample (p < 0.05). The level of aromatic amino acids-containing peptides was reduced in ASFB-C-1 as shown by gel permeation chromatography. ASFB-C-1 sample had higher overall-likeness score but lower antioxidant properties than ASF (p < 0.05). The desired antioxidant activity could be achieved via increasing the amount of protein hydrolysate without imparting undesirable taste.