Biomimetic low-porosity framework membranes for efficient power generation and acid recycling from industrial wastewater

against heavy metal ions. This combination allows the membrane to stably recycle acid from industrial waste acid while preventing heavy metal leakage. It also generates osmotic power from this process, reaching a power density far exceeding previous osmotic power generation membranes. This work sheds light on the simultaneous matter and energy extraction process to enable negative-carbon wastewater treatment and utilization.