Dual-Emissive Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticle-Based Charge-Reversible Intelligent Nanoprobe for Persistent Luminescence-Ratio Bioimaging along with Chemo-Photothermal Synergic Therapy

Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) hold great promise for bioimaging owing to no demand for in situ excitation and negligible tissue autofluorescence interference. Nevertheless, huge challenges remain in the further development of single-emissive PLNPs due to the great variation of luminescence with time after excitation ceases. Herein, we report the controllable fabrication of dual-emissive monodispersed PLNPs (ZnGa 2 O 4:Cr) by a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method in combination with postcalcination for bioimaging. The prepared PLNPs emit luminescence at 508 and 714 nm with a constant luminescence ratio ( I 508 / I 714 ) for more than 1 h after UV excitation stops. Moreover, the prepared PLNPs give a constant I 508 / I 714 ratio signal after repeated excitation by a LED lamp, allowing luminescence ratio imaging to ensure the long-term accuracy for in vivo imaging. In vivo ratio imaging demonstrates the potential of the prepared PLNPs for precision bioimaging. In addition, the prepared PLNPs have been applied to fabricate a theranostic nanoprobe with intelligent tumor-targeted imaging and chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy to further reveal their unique advantage for imaging guided therapy. We believe that the dual-emissive PLNPs will provide a promising nanoplatform for bioimaging and biomedical applications.