Nanoplastic-Induced Disruption of DPPC and Palmitic Acid Films: Implications for Membrane Integrity

Nanoplastics are generated from the fragmentation of microplastics under various environmental conditions in the atmosphere. These tiny pollutants are widespread and can enter the human body through the air we breathe and the food and water we consume. Understanding how nanoplastics interact with different membrane lipids is paramount to discerning the kind of threat they pose in terms of lung alveolar destabilization, impaired cell communication, cell wall disruption, diminished nutrient delivery, and neurotoxicity. In this research, we examined the interaction of polystyrene nanoplastics with phosphatidylcholine and palmitic acid at the aqueous interface to identify individual lipid response. Employing a comprehensive experimental approach that includes infrared-reflection absorption spectroscopy, Langmuir isotherms, and Brewster angle microscopy, we investigated chemical and physical changes of the lipid systems with nanoplastics dispersed within the water solution phase. Increasing the concentration of polystyrene nanoplastics in the solution phase led to enhanced interfacial activity; the nanoplastics were observed to incorporate into the lipid films driven by adsorption/complexation. The findings provide insights into the physical mechanisms through which nanoplastics permeate cellular membranes and bioaccumulate.