Emerging two-dimensional materials for aqueous zinc-ion battery cathodes: progress and prospects

intercalation/deintercalation. This review establishes a quantifiable "structure-mechanism-performance" closed-loop framework from the perspective of 2D materials and proposes universal modification strategies to overcome the poor conductivity and capacity bottlenecks of AZIBs. It further identifies three critical bottlenecks hindering the practical deployment and scale-up of 2D materials in AZIBs, and presents an integrated solution roadmap aimed at bridging the gap between laboratory-scale innovation and industrial production.